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Despite the achievements obtained worldwide in the control of tuberculosis in recent years, many countries and regions including China still face challenges such as low diagnosis rate, high missed diagnosis rate, and delayed diagnosis of the disease. The discovery strategy of tuberculosis in China has changed from "active discovery by X-ray examination" to "passive discovery by self-referral due to symptoms", and currently the approach is integrated involving self-referral due to symptoms, active screening, and physical examination. Active screening could help to identify early asymptomatic and untreated cases. With the development of molecular biology and artificial intelligence-assisted diagnosis technology, there are more options for active screening among the large-scale populations. Although the implementation cost of a population-based active screening strategy is high, it has great value in social benefits, and active screening in special populations can obtain better benefits. Active screening of tuberculosis is an important component of the disease control. It is suggested that active screening strategies should be optimized according to the specific conditions of the regions to ultimately ensure the benefit of the tuberculosis control.
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Humans , Artificial Intelligence , Tuberculosis/prevention & control , Mass Screening , ChinaABSTRACT
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is a common sport injury, and knee functional scales play an important role in its evaluation and treatment. At present, there are varied scales focusing on this disease, in which only a few have been widely validated. This article introduced the clinical applied range, advantages and disadvantages, and advance of these scales including International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Evaluation Form, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Cincinnati Knee Rating Scale, Lysholm Knee Scale, Tegner Activity Level Scale, Marx Activity Level Scale, Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form, Knee Self Efficacy Scale, ACL Quality of Life Scale and Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Return to Sport After Injury Scale. Additionally, the application principles were pointed out.
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Results and Conclusion The most commonly used methods were Wobble Board training and Progressive Hop-to-Stabilization Balance training. These methods had already provided the most consistent improvements in single leg static balance test, the Star Excursion Balance Test, the Functional Hopping Test, the self-reported questionnaire and the overall quality of life questionnaire. Nowadays, the system has been set based on structural deficient, functional disability and participant disability to assess the treatment effects for the CAI population. Objective:To investigate the effect of balance training on chronic ankle instability (CAI) by reviewing literatures. Methods:Randomized controlled trials about balance training on patients with CAI from January, 2000 to April, 2019 were searched from PubMed and Web of Science.
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Objective@#To investigate the effects of abdominal drawing-in maneuver with real-time ultrasound biofeedback on transversus abdominis activation level during functional tasks in different positions in patients of chronic low back pain with stabilization-deficit.@*Methods@#Nineteen patients of chronic low back pain with stabilization-deficit were randomly divided into verbal instruction group(n=9) and ultrasound biofeedback group(n=10), and received abdominal drawing-in maneuver with verbal instruction and ultrasound biofeedback respectively. Percentage changes of transversus abdominis thickness during supine and upright loaded tasks were compared before and after intervention.@*Results@#After intervention, percentage changes of transversus abdominis thickness increased significantly in verbal instruction group during supinehip external rotation, straight leg raising and upright loaded functional tasks (P<0.05), and percentage changes of transversus abdominis thickness during supine hip and knee flexion demonstrated great increases(P<0.01). After intervention, percentage changes of transversus abdominis thickness demonstrated great increases in ultrasound biofeedback group during all functional tasks(P<0.01). No differences were observed between the two groups(P>0.05).@*Conclusions@#Ultrasound image could effectively assess the thickness changes of transversus abdominis in patients with chronic low back pain during supine and upright loaded functional tasks. Ultrasound image could provide chronic low back pain patients with real-time and dynamic visual feedback. However, compared with verbal instruction, adding real-time ultrasound biofeedback to abdominal drawing-in maneuver does not further increase the transversus abdominis activation level.
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Objective To investigate the effects of abdominal drawing‐in maneuver with real‐time ultrasound biofeedback on transversus abdominis activation level during functional tasks in different positions in patients of chronic low back pain with stabilization‐deficit . Methods Nineteen patients of chronic low back pain with stabilization‐deficit were randomly divided into verbal instruction group( n ＝9 ) and ultrasound biofeedback group ( n ＝ 10 ) ,and received abdominal drawing‐in maneuver with verbal instruction and ultrasound biofeedback respectively . Percentage changes of transversus abdominis thickness during supine and upright loaded tasks were compared before and after intervention . Results After intervention , percentage changes of transversus abdominis thickness increased significantly in verbal instruction group during supinehip external rotation ,straight leg raising and upright loaded functional tasks ( P＜0 .05) ,and percentage changes of transversus abdominis thickness during supine hip and knee flexion demonstrated great increases( P ＜0 .01) . After intervention ,percentage changes of transversus abdominis thickness demonstrated great increases in ultrasound biofeedback group during all functional tasks ( P ＜0 .01) . No differences were observed between the two groups( P ＞0 .05) . Conclusions Ultrasound image could effectively assess the thickness changes of transversus abdominis in patients with chronic low back pain during supine and upright loaded functional tasks . Ultrasound image could provide chronic low back pain patients with real‐time and dynamic visual feedback . However ,compared with verbal instruction , adding real‐time ultrasound biofeedback to abdominal drawing‐in maneuver does not further increase the transversus abdominis activation level .
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Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a major infectious disease which threatens people’s health around the world. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has become an important index for evaluating the treatment and prognosis of patients with CHB. Many studies abroad have shown that the HRQoL of patients with CHB is influenced by various factors. Disease severity, clinical symptoms, and low self-efficacy are important influencing factors for patients’ quality of life. Anti-viral therapy, proper physical therapy, or psychological intervention can significantly improve the HRQoL of community CHB patients, and HRQoL is even significantly improved in patients undergoing liver transplantation one year ago. These studies provide valid evidence for antiviral therapy for hepatitis B patients and liver transplantation techniques from the psychological level. At present, there still lacks studies on HRQoL of CHB patients in China. This article summarizes the measurement tools for HRQoL widely used in recent years in China and foreign countries, reviews the research advances in HRQoL in community patients with CHB, and discusses the perspectives for future studies.
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Objective: To investigate the changes of cardiac sympathetic nerve function and susceptibility of ventricular arrhythmia at chronic stress condition in experimental rats. Methods: A total of 30 SD rats were randomly assigned into two groups: Control group, the rats were fed with normal condition and Chronic stress group, the rats were fed with unpredictable chronic stimulus program.n=15 in each group and all animals were treated for 4 weeks. The behavior of rats was assessed by open ifeld test and sucrose intake test, the susceptibility of ventricular arrhythmia was measured by Burst stimulus program under narcosis condition, and the sign of cardiac sympathetic nerve reconstruction, tyrosine hydroxylase content was examined by immunohistochemistry. Results: Compared with Control group, Chronic stress group had decreased ratio of sucrose favorite/open field test, P0.05. Immunohistochemistry presented that Chronic stress group had much higher tyrosine hydroxylase content (1397.8 ± 268.8) um2/mm2 than Control group (995 ± 232.3) um2/mm2,P Conclusion: Chronic stress may increase the susceptibility of ventricular arrhythmia in experimental rats, and the cardiac sympathetic nerve reconstruction might be an important mechanism.
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Objective To review the diagnosis and treatment of hepatic veno-occlusive disease(HVOD)induced by sedum aizoon in HBsAg positive patients. Methods Clinical data of 35 HBsAg positive cases who took sedum aizoon decoction and developed HVOD were collected, the clinical manifestation, imaging examination, histological examination of liver puncture biopsy, and the outcomes of patients were reviewed. Results Hepatomegaly, liver dysfunction, abdominal effusion and map-like density changes in liver CT scan were observed in 35 patients. Liver biopsy wag performed in 17 patients. In histopathological examination, the swelling and point-like necrosis of liver cells, expansion and congestion of sinus, endothelial swelling, wall thickening, incomplete lumen occlusion of small liver vascular were observed. Map-like density changes in liver CT scan were found in all 17 patients who were diagnosed by histological examination. Fifteen patients presented small amount of ascites within 4 weeks of onset, 13 of whom recovered or improved after treated with low-molecular weight heparin and albumin; while among the remaining 20 patients. only half of them were benefited from the same treatments. Conclusion HVOD can be diagnosed by liver CT scan instead of histological examination; treatment of patients in early stage may improve the outcome.
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Objective To investigate the molecular epidemiology of hepatitis B virus(HBV) in child carriers. Methods Blood samples were collected from children under 15 in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. Enzyme immunoassay(EIA) and microparticle enzyme immunoassay(MEIA) were applied to screen hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg) positive children. Nested-PCR and real time PCR were used to amplify the HBV S gene and detected HBV DNA loads. S gene sequence and three-dimensional structure were analyzed by the DNASTAR and VMD1.8.6, respectively. SPSS 12.0 software was applied for data processing. Results A total of 64 HBsAg-positive cases were found in the screened children, from which 41 HBV S gene sequences were obtained. The average HBV DNA loads were(4.15±0.79)×10~7 copies/mL in 64 HBV carriers. Among 41 sequences. genotype C, B and B+C accounted for 82.93%(34/41), 12.19%(5/41)and 4.88%(2/41), respectively; and the serotypes were adr(34/39,87.18%), adw(4/39,10.24%) and ayr (1/39, 2.56%) with 2 strains unable to be sub-typed. The most common variants of "a" determinant in HBV S gene were 129 site Q→F(glutamine→phenylalanine), 145 site G→R(glycine→lysine), 131 site S→N(serine→asparagine)and 144 site C→A(cysteine→alanine), and the mutation frequencies were 12.20%(5/41), 4.88%(2/41), 2.27%(1/41)and 2.27%(1/41), respectively . The total mutation frequency was 21.95%(9/41). The S protein spatial structures of 129 site "Q→F" and 145 site "G→R" were entirely different from that of the wild strain. Conclusion Wild strain of HBV(C/adr) is predominant in the children HBV carriers, exhibiting a high replication, and the HBV vaccine should be still effective.
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Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of bicyelol tablets in treatment of hepatitis B patients infected with YMDD mutation of HBV. Methods Sixty-eight chronic hepatitis patients infected with HBV YMDD mutants and 100 patients with non-mutants HBV were enrolled in the study. All patients received bicyclol tablets orally 150 mg/d, t. i. d, for 24 weeks. Clinical symptoms, signs and adverse effects were observed, and the blood routine, liver function tests, serum HBV markers and HBV DNA loads were examined at 12th and 24th week of the study, Results After treatment for 24 weeks, the normalization rates of ALT and AST in mutant group were 79.4% ( 54/68 ) and 70. 6% (48/68) ; 11 ( 16. 2% ) patients were markedly effective and 14 (20. 6% ) were effective. Clearance rates of HBeAg and HBV DNA were 27.9% ( 17/61 ) and 17.6% ( 12/68 ), while the seroconversion rate of HBeAg was 14. 7% (9/61). The differences of the above indexes were not statistically significant between mutant group and non-mutant group. Conclusion Bicyciol can both protect liver functions and inhibit virus replication in patients infected with HBV YMDD mutants.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the efficacy of bicyclol tablets on patients infected with hepatitis B virus between genotype B and C.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>70 patients with chronic viral hepatitis B were selected. The patients divide into two groups: HBV genotypes B (26 cases) and HBV genotypes C (other 44 cases). All patients received bicyclol tablets orally 150 mg daily (50mg, tid, po) for 24 weeks. The efficacy were observed after 12 weeks and 24 weeks.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After treatment for 24 weeks, the serum aminotransferase were decreased obviously, and HBV DNA levels turn to be negative with 19.2 percent (genotype B group) and 15.9 percent (genotype C group), respectively. The difference was not statistically significant between HBV genotype B and C.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Bicyclol not only has hepatoprotective activity but also inhibited virus replication in patients infected with HBV. The difference of the response to bicyclol therapy between HBV genotypes B and C was not statistically significant.</p>
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Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Biphenyl Compounds , Therapeutic Uses , Genotype , Hepatitis B virus , Classification , Hepatitis B, Chronic , Drug Therapy , VirologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the influence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on macrophages expressing TNF-alpha related apoptosis induced-ligand (TRAIL) and its relation to apoptosis of HepG2 cell line.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Membrane-bound TRAIL (mTRAIL) was measured by flow cytometry; soluble TRAIL in supernatant was detected by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent sandwich assay (ELISA); cytotoxicity of TRAIL to HepG2 cell line was measured by chromium release assay, and apoptosis of HepG2 cell was confirmed by Annexin V staining.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>LPS only slightly increased membrane-bound TRAIL expression of macrophages. On the other hand, soluble TRAIL in the supernatant was increased with LPS stimulation, and the optimal concentration of LPS was 100 ng/ml (sTRAIL value 67.40 ng/ml+/-5.08 ng/ml). The soluble TRAIL in the supernatant was cytotoxic to HepG2 cells, and this activity can be blocked by TRAIL neutralizing antibodies.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>LPS increases the expression of soluble TRAIL in macrophages, and soluble TRAIL is toxic to HepG2 cells. All of our results indicate that TRAIL may play an important role in the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis.</p>
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Humans , Apoptosis , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular , Pathology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Lipopolysaccharides , Pharmacology , Liver Neoplasms , Pathology , Macrophages , Metabolism , TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand , Genetics , Pharmacology , Tumor Cells, CulturedABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the proteomic components of the sera from the patients with hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), in search of the diagnostic markers of HCC.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Immobilized pH gradient two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2DE), silver staining, PDQuest 2DE analysis software, peptide mass fingerprint based on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flying mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and SWISS-PROT database searching, were used to separate and identify the proteome of the sera from the patients with HCC.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The 2DE images were analysed by PDQuest 2DE software. The average matching rate was 70.2%. In IEF direction, the average deviation was (1.02 +/- 0.22) mm, in SDS-PAGE direction, the deviation was (0.97 +/- 0.14) mm. The twenty-three different protein spots were incised from silver staining gel and digested in-gel by TPCK trypsin. 15 peptide mass fingerprints (PMF) maps were obtained by MOLDI-TOF-MS. The typical peptide masses were searched in the SWISS-PROT database using PeptIdent software.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Good reproducibility could be obtained by applying immobilized pH gradient two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2DE) to separate and identify the proteome in serum. There is still the problem of efficiently removing a higher level of proteins and lipids from the serum. Identification by MOLDI-TOF-MS peptide mass fingerprint provides useful information for screening diagnostic markers of human HCC.</p>